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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| \] (control space) | c | inserts a control space. |
| - (discretionary hyphen) | d | inserts a discretionary hyphen. |
| / (italic correction) | c | inserts an italic correction. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| above | d | is equivalent to `\abovewithdelims.. |
| abovedisplayshortskip | pg | is alternate glue placed before a displayed equation. |
| abovedisplayskip | pg | is normal glue placed before a displayed equation. |
| abovewithdelims | c | is a generalized fraction command. |
| accent | c | places an accent on a character. |
| adjdemerits | pi | holds the demerits for visually incompatible adjacent lines. |
| advance | c | increases or decreases a numeric variable. |
| afterassignment | c | saves a token and inserts it after the next assignment. |
| aftergroup | c | saves a token and inserts it after the current group is complete. |
| atop | d | is equivalent to `\atopwithdelims..'. |
| atopwithdelims | d | is a generalized fraction command with an invisible fraction bar. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| badness | iq | is 0-10,000 and represents the badness of the glue settings in the last constructed box. |
| baselineskip | pg | is glue added between lines to keep their baselines consistently spaced. |
| batchmode | c | acts like pressing Q in response to an error. |
| begingroup | c | starts a group that must be ended by \endgroup. |
| belowdisplayshortskip | pg | is alternate glue placed after a displayed equation. |
| belowdisplayskip | pg | is normal glue placed after a displayed equation. |
| binoppenalty | pi | is the penalty for a line break after a binary operation. |
| botmark | c | is the mark text most recently encountered on a page. |
| box | c | puts the box's contents in the current list and empties the box. |
| boxmaxdepth | pd | is the maximum possible depth of a vertical box. |
| brokenpenalty | pi | is the penalty added after a line ending with an hyphenated word. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| catcode | iq | holds the category code for a character. |
| char | c | provides access to one of the 256 characters in a font. |
| chardef | iq | provides an alternate way to define a control sequence that returns a character. |
| cleaders | c | insert centered leaders. |
| closein | c | closes an auxiliary file opened for reading. |
| closeout | c | closes an auxiliary file opened for writing. |
| clubpenalty | pi | is the penalty added after the first line in a paragraph. |
| copy | c | puts the box's contents in the current list but does not empty the box. |
| count | iq | assigns an integer to a \count register. |
| countdef | c | creates a symbolic name for a \count register. |
| cr | c | is a visible command which ends one row in a table. |
| crcr | c | is an alternate to \cr. |
| csname | c | forms a control sequence name from the characters making up a collection of tokens. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| day | pi | holds the current day of the month (1-31). |
| deadcycles | iq | is the number of times \output was called since the last \shipout. |
| def | c | defines a macro. |
| defaulthyphenchar | pi | is the \hyphenchar value to use when a new font is loaded. |
| defaultskewchar | pi | is -1 or the \skewchar value for a font when it is loaded. |
| delcode | iq | is -1 or the delimiter code for a character. |
| delimiter | c | specifies a delimiter. |
| delimiterfactor | pi | is the first parameter used to compute the size of delimeters required by \left and \right. |
| delimitershortfall | pd | is the second parameter used to compute the size of delimeters required by \left and \right. |
| dimen | iq | assigns a <dimen> to a \dimen register. |
| dimendef | c | creates a symbolic name for a \dimen register. |
| discretionary | c | specifies a discretionary break in a paragraph. |
| displayindent | pd | is the amount to shift a line holding a displayed equation. |
| displaylimits | c | restores normal conventions for using limits with operators. |
| displaystyle | c | selects display style: D or D'. |
| displaywidowpenalty | pi | is the penalty added after the penultimate line immediately preceeding a display. |
| displaywidth | pd | is the width of the line holding a displayed equation. |
| divide | c | divides a register by an integer. |
| doublehyphendemerits | pi | holds the demerits added if two consecutive lines end with discretionary breaks. |
| dp | iq | is the depth of a box. |
| dump | c | outputs a format file in INITEX; otherwise it is equivalent to \end. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| edef | c | is similar to \def, except control sequences in the replacement text are expanded when the definition is made. |
| else | c | begins the false part of a conditional. |
| emergencystretch | pd | is glue used in the third pass made for bad paragraphs. |
| end | c | terminates the current job. |
| endcsname | c | is used with \csname to make a control sequence name. |
| endgroup | c | ends a group that was begun by \begingroup. |
| endinput | c | stops input from a file at the end of the current line. |
| endlinechar | pi | is the character added to the end of input lines. |
| eqno | c | puts an equation number at the right-hand margin. |
| errhelp | pt | is text displayed on the terminal if h is pressed after an \errmessage. |
| errmessage | c | displays text on the terminal and interrupts the program. |
| errorcontextlines | pi | is the number of lines to display on the terminal at an error. |
| errorstopmode | c | switches to normal interaction for processing errors. |
| escapechar | pi | is the character used for category 0 characters when outputting control sequences. |
| everycr | pt | holds tokens inserted after every \cr or nonredundent \crcr. |
| everydisplay | pt | holds tokens inserted at the start of every switch to display math mode. |
| everyhbox | pt | holds tokens inserted at the start of every hbox. |
| everyjob | pt | holds tokens which are inserted at the start of every job. |
| everymath | pt | holds tokens inserted at the start of every switch to math mode. |
| everypar | pt | holds tokens added at the beginning of every paragraph. |
| everyvbox | pt | holds tokens inserted at the start of every vbox. |
| exhyphenpenalty | pi | is the penalty for a line break after an explicit hyphen. |
| expandafter | c | `<token1><token2>' is equivalent to `<token1> expansion of <token2>'. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| fam | pi | if 0-15, specifies the font family of class 7 (variable) math symbols. |
| fi | c | is the concluding command of a conditional. |
| finalhyphendemerits | pi | holds the demerits added if the penultimate line in a paragraph ends with a discretionary break. |
| firstmark | c | is the mark text first encountered on a page. |
| floatingpenalty | pi | is the penalty for insertions that are split between pages. |
| font | iq | loads information about a font into TeX's memory. |
| fontdimen | iq | holds font parameters. |
| fontname | c | returns the system file name for a font. |
| futurelet | c | `<cs> <token1> <token2>' is equivalent to `\let <cs> = <token2> <token1> <token2>'. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| gdef | d | is equivalent to `\global\def'. |
| global | c | is an assignment prefix which makes the assignment transcend its group. |
| globaldefs | pi | if positive, all assignments are global; if negative, \global is ignored. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| halign | c | begins the horizontal alignment of material (i.e., makes a table containing rows). |
| hangafter | pi | is the number of lines before hanging indentation changes. |
| hangindent | pd | is the amount of hanging indentation. |
| hbadness | pi | is the badness above which bad hboxes are reported. |
| hbox | c | constructs a box holding horizontal material. |
| hfil | d | inserts first order infinitely stretchable horizontal glue in a horizontal or math list. |
| hfill | d | inserts second order infinitely stretchable horizontal glue in a horizontal or math list. |
| hfilneg | d | cancels the stretchability of \hfil. |
| hfuzz | pd | is the overrun allowed before overfull hboxes are reported. |
| hoffset | pd | is a value added to the default 1-inch left margin. |
| holdinginserts | pi | is positive if insertions should remain dormant when \output is called. |
| hrule | c | makes a rule box in vertical mode. |
| hsize | pd | is the width of normal lines in a paragraph. |
| hskip | c | inserts horizontal glue in a horizontal or math list. |
| hss | d | inserts infinitely stretchable and shrinkable horizontal glue in a horizontal or math list. |
| ht | iq | is the height of a box. |
| hyphenation | c | adds words to the hyphenation exception dictionary for the current language. |
| hyphenchar | iq | holds the current hyphen character used with hyphenation. |
| hyphenpenalty | pi | is the penalty for a line break after a discretionary hyphen. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| if | c | tests if two tokens have the same character codes (i.e., values 0-256). |
| ifcase | c | begins a multi-case conditional. |
| ifcat | c | tests if two tokens have the same category codes (i.e., values 0-16). |
| ifdim | c | compares two dimensions. |
| ifeof | c | tests for the end of a file. |
| iffalse | c | is a conditional which is always false. |
| ifhbox | c | is true if a box register contains an \hbox. |
| ifhmode | c | is true if TeX is in horizontal or restricted horizontal mode. |
| ifinner | c | is true if TeX is in internal vertical, restricted horizontal, or nondisplay math mode. |
| ifmmode | c | is true if TeX is in math or display math mode. |
| ifnum | c | compares two integers. |
| ifodd | c | tests for an odd integer. |
| iftrue | c | is a conditional which is always true. |
| ifvbox | c | is true if a box register contains a \vbox. |
| ifvmode | c | is true if TeX is in vertical or internal vertical mode. |
| ifvoid | c | is true if a box register is void. |
| ifx | c | tests if two tokens are the same. |
| ignorespaces | c | makes TeX read and expand tokens but do nothing until a nonspace token is reached. |
| immediate | c | performs the following output command without waiting for \shipout. |
| indent | c | begins a new paragraph indented by \parindent. |
| input | c | inserts a file at the current position in the source file. |
| inputlineno | iq | holds the line number of the line last read in the current input file. |
| insert | c | places material into an insertions class. |
| insertpenalties | iq | is a quantity used by TeX in two different ways. |
| interlinepenalty | pi | is the penalty added between lines in a paragraph. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| jobname | c | is the underlying file name for a job. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| kern | c | adds a kern item to the current list. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| language | pi | selects a language to use with hyphenation and \patterns. |
| lastbox | c | is void or the last hbox or vbox on the current list. |
| lastkern | iq | is 0.0 pt or the last kern on the current list. |
| lastpenalty | iq | is 0 or the last penalty on the current list. |
| lastskip | iq | is 0.0 pt or the last glue or muglue on the current list. |
| lccode | iq | holds the lowercase value for a character. |
| leaders | c | fill space using specified glue with a box or rule. |
| left | c | makes TeX calculate the size of the delimiter needed at the left of a subformula. |
| lefthyphenmin | pi | is the minimum number of characters that must appear before the first hyphen in an hyphenated word. |
| leftskip | pg | is glue added at the left of every line in a paragraph. |
| leqno | c | puts an equation number at the left-hand margin. |
| let | c | gives a control sequence a token's current meaning. |
| limits | c | displays limits above and below large operators (class 1). |
| linepenalty | pi | is an amount added to the \badness calculated for every line in a paragraph. |
| lineskip | pg | is alternate interline glue used if the \baselineskip glue is not feasible. |
| lineskiplimit | pd | is the cutoff used to select between \baselineskip and \lineskip. |
| long | c | is a prefix for definitions which require multi-paragraph arguments. |
| looseness | pi | tells TeX to try and increase or decrease the number of lines in a paragraph. |
| lower | c | shifts a box down and appends it to the current horizontal or math list. |
| lowercase | c | converts tokens to lowercase. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| mag | pi | holds the magnification ratio times 1000. |
| mark | c | specifies text which should be marked. |
| mathaccent | c | makes an accent atom from the mathchar and the following item. |
| mathbin | c | assigns class 2 (binary operation) to the following character or subformula. |
| mathchar | c | specifies a math character by giving its class, family, and font position. |
| mathchardef | d | provides an alternate way to define a control sequence that returns a math character. |
| mathchoice | c | specifies specific subformulas for the 4 main styles. |
| mathclose | c | assigns class 5 (closing) to the following character or subformula. |
| mathcode | iq | holds the math character (15-bit number) for each of the 256 characters with which TeX works. |
| mathinner | c | makes an inner atom holding the math field. |
| mathop | c | assigns class 1 (large operator) to following character or subformula. |
| mathopen | c | assigns class 4 (opening) to following character or subformula. |
| mathord | c | assigns class 0 (ordinary) to following character or subformula. |
| mathpunct | c | assigns class 6 (punctuation) to following character or subformula. |
| mathrel | c | assigns class 3 (relation) to following character or subformula. |
| mathsurround | pd | is extra space added when switching in and out of math mode. |
| maxdeadcycles | pi | is the maximum allowed value of \deadcycles before an error is generated. |
| maxdepth | pd | is the maximum depth of boxes on the main page. |
| meaning | c | adds characters describing a token to the output stream. |
| medmuskip | pm | is ``medium'' math glue inserted into formulas. |
| message | c | writes an expanded token list on the terminal and to the log file. |
| mkern | c | adds a math kern item to the current math list. |
| month | pi | holds the current month of the year (1-12). |
| moveleft | c | shifts a box left and appends it to the current vertical list. |
| moveright | c | shifts a box right and appends it to the current vertical list. |
| mskip | c | adds math glue to the current math list. |
| multiply | c | multiplies a register by an integer. |
| muskip | iq | assigns <muglue> to a \muskip register. |
| muskipdef | c | creates a symbolic name for a \muskip register. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| newlinechar | pi | is the character which begins a new line of output. |
| noalign | c | inserts vertical mode material after a \cr in a table. |
| noboundary | c | if present, breaks ligatures and kerns. |
| noexpand | c | prevents the expansion of the following token. |
| noindent | c | begins a new paragraph that is not indented. |
| nolimits | c | displays limits to the right of large operators (class 1). |
| nonscript | c | ignores immediately following glue or kern in script and scriptscript styles. |
| nonstopmode | c | acts like pressing R in response to an error. |
| nulldelimiterspace | pd | is the width of a null or missing delimiter. |
| nullfont | iq | is a predefined font with no characters. |
| number | c | produces the decimal equivalent of numbers. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| omit | c | is used in the body of a table to change an entry's template from the one in the preamble. |
| openin | c | opens an auxiliary file for reading. |
| openout | c | opens an auxiliary file for writing. |
| or | c | separates cases in an \ifcase conditional. |
| outer | c | is a prefix for a definition which restricts where the definition may be used. |
| output | pt | holds the token list used to typeset one page. |
| outputpenalty | pi | holds the penalty from the current page break. |
| over | d | is equivalent to `\overwithdelims..'. |
| overfullrule | pd | is the width of the rule appended to an overfull box. |
| overline | c | puts a line over the following character or subformula. |
| overwithdelims | d | is a generalized fraction command with preset fraction bar thickness. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| pagedepth | iq | is the actual depth of the last box on the main page. |
| pagefilllstretch | iq | is the amount of third-order infinite stretchability in the current page. |
| pagefillstretch | iq | is the amount of second-order infinite stretchability in the current page. |
| pagefilstretch | iq | is the amount of first-order infinite stretchability in the current page. |
| pagegoal | iq | is the desired height of the current page. |
| pageshrink | iq | is the amount of finite shrinkability in the current page. |
| pagestretch | iq | is the amount of finite stretchability in the current page. |
| pagetotal | iq | is the accumulated height of the current page. |
| par | c | is an explicit command to end a paragraph. |
| parfillskip | pg | is glue which finishs the last line of a paragraph. |
| parindent | pd | is the width of indentation at the beginning of a paragraph. |
| parshape | iq | specifies an arbitrary paragraph shape. |
| parskip | pg | is extra glue put between paragraphs. |
| patterns | c | is used in INITEX to add patterns to the pattern dictionary for the current language. |
| pausing | pi | if positive, the program halts after every line is read from the input file and waits for a response from the user. |
| penalty | c | adds a penalty to the current list. |
| postdisplaypenalty | pi | is the penalty added immediately after a math display. |
| predisplaypenalty | pi | is the penalty added immediately before a math display. |
| predisplaysize | pd | is the effective width of the line preceeding a displayed equation. |
| pretolerance | pi | is the acceptable \badness of lines in a paragraph before hyphenation is attempted. |
| prevdepth | iq | is the depth of the last box added to the current vertical list. |
| prevgraf | iq | is the number of lines in the paragraph most recently completed or partially completed. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| radical | c | makes a radical atom from the delimiter (27-bit number) and the math field. |
| raise | c | shifts a box up and appends it to the current horizontal or math list. |
| read | c | reads one or more lines from an auxiliary file. |
| relax | c | is a control sequence which typesets nothing. |
| relpenalty | pi | is the penalty for a line break after a relation. |
| right | c | makes TeX calculate the size of the delimiter needed at the right of a subformula. |
| righthyphenmin | pi | is the minimum number of characters that must appear after the last hyphen in an hyphenated word. |
| rightskip | pg | is glue added at the right of every line in a paragraph. |
| romannumeral | c | converts a number to lowercase roman numerals. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| scriptfont | iq | specifies the script font for a family. |
| scriptscriptfont | iq | specifies the scriptscript font for a family. |
| scriptscriptstyle | c | selects scriptscript style: SS or SS'. |
| scriptspace | pd | is extra space added after a subscript or a superscript. |
| scriptstyle | c | selects script style: S or S'. |
| scrollmode | c | acts like pressing S in response to an error. |
| setbox | c | assigns an hbox, vbox, or vtop to a box register. |
| setlanguage | c | inserts a language whatsit in restricted horizontal mode. |
| sfcode | iq | holds the space factor value for a character. |
| shipout | c | sends the contents of a box to the dvi file. |
| show | c | writes a token's definition on the terminal and to the log file. |
| showbox | c | writes the contents of a box to the log file. |
| showboxbreadth | pi | is the maximum number of items per level written by \showbox and \showlists. |
| showboxdepth | pi | is the maximum level written by \showbox and \showlists. |
| showlists | c | writes information about current lists to the log file. |
| showthe | c | writes a value on the terminal and to the log file and interrupts the program. |
| skewchar | iq | is -1 or the character used to fine-tune the positioning of math accents. |
| skip | iq | assigns <glue> to a \skip register. |
| skipdef | c | creates a symbolic name for a \skip register. |
| spacefactor | iq | controls interword spacing. |
| spaceskip | pg | is alternate interword glue. |
| span | c | combines adjacent entries in a table into a single entry. |
| special | c | sends material to the dvi file for special processing. |
| splitbotmark | c | is the mark text of the last mark in the most recent \vsplit operation. |
| splitfirstmark | c | is the mark text of the first mark in the most recent \vsplit operation. |
| splitmaxdepth | pd | is the maximum depth of boxes created by \vsplit. |
| splittopskip | pg | is special glue placed inside the box created by \vsplit. |
| string | c | converts a control sequence to characters. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| tabskip | pg | is optional glue put between columns in a table. |
| textfont | iq | specifies the text font for a family. |
| textstyle | c | selects text style: T or T'. |
| the | c | returns character tokens for an internal quantity's or parameter's current value. |
| thickmuskip | pm | is ``thick'' math glue inserted into formulas. |
| thinmuskip | pm | is ``thin'' math glue inserted into formulas. |
| time | pi | holds the current time in minutes after midnight (0-1439). |
| toks | iq | assigns <replacement text> to a \toks register. |
| toksdef | c | creates a symbolic name for a \toks register. |
| tolerance | pi | is the acceptable \badness of lines after hyphenation. |
| topmark | c | is the value of \botmark on the previous page. |
| topskip | pg | is special glue added before the first box on each page. |
| tracingcommands | pi | if positive, writes commands to the log file. |
| tracinglostchars | pi | if positive, writes characters not in the current font to the log file. |
| tracingmacros | pi | if positive, writes to the log file when expanding macros and arguments. |
| tracingonline | pi | if positive, writes diagnostic output to the terminal as well as to the log file. |
| tracingoutput | pi | if positive, writes contents of shipped out boxes to the log file. |
| tracingpages | pi | if positive, writes the page-cost calculations to the log file. |
| tracingparagraphs | pi | if positive, writes a summary of the line-breaking calculations to the log file. |
| tracingrestores | pi | if positive, writes save-stack details to the log file. |
| tracingstats | pi | if positive, writes memory usage statistics to the log file. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| uccode | iq | holds the uppercase value for a character. |
| uchyph | pi | prevents hyphenation of uppercase words unless this is positive. |
| underline | c | puts a line under the following character or subformula. |
| unhbox | c | puts unwrapped hbox contents in the current list and empties the box. |
| unhcopy | c | puts unwrapped hbox contents in the current list but does not empty the box. |
| unkern | c | removes a kern from the current list. |
| unpenalty | c | removes a penalty from the current list. |
| unskip | c | removes a glue item from the current list. |
| unvbox | c | puts unwrapped vbox contents in the current list and empties the box. |
| unvcopy | c | puts unwrapped vbox contents in the current list but does not empty the box. |
| uppercase | c | converts tokens to uppercase. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| vadjust | c | inserts a vertical list between two lines in a paragraph. |
| valign | c | begins the vertical alignment of material (i.e., makes a table containing columns). |
| vbadness | pi | is the badness above which bad vboxes are reported. |
| vbox | c | constructs a box holding vertical material. |
| vcenter | c | centers material with respect to the axis. |
| vfil | d | inserts first order infinitely stretchable vertical glue in a vertical list. |
| vfill | d | inserts second order infinitely stretchable vertical glue in a vertical list. |
| vfilneg | d | cancels the stretchability of \vfil. |
| vfuzz | pd | is the overrun allowed before overfull vboxes are reported. |
| voffset | pd | is a value added to the default 1-inch top margin. |
| vrule | c | makes a rule box in horizontal mode. |
| vsize | pd | is the desired height of the current page. |
| vskip | c | inserts vertical glue in a vertical list. |
| vsplit | c | removes a specified amount of material from a box register. |
| vss | d | insert infinitely stretchable and shrinkable vertical glue in a vertical list. |
| vtop | c | is an alternate way to construct a box holding vertical material. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| wd | iq | is the width of a box. |
| widowpenalty | pi | is the penalty added after the penultimate line in a paragraph. |
| write | c | writes material to an auxiliary file. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| xdef | d | is equivalent to `\global\edef'. |
| xleaders | c | insert expanded leaders. |
| xspaceskip | pg | is alternate intersentence glue. |
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Control Sequences | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| year | pi | holds the current year (e.g., 2000). |
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TeX Primitive Control Sequences
(Family Order)
| Control Sequences | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family | NULL | Type | Description | |
| Box | Logic | - | c | Command |
| Character | Macro | - | d | Derived Command |
| Debugging | Marks | - | iq | Internal Quantity |
| File I/O | Math | - | pi | Parameter (integer) |
| Fonts | Page | - | pd | Parameter (dimen) |
| Glue | Paragraph | - | pg | Parameter (glue) |
| Hyphenation | Penalties | - | pm | Parameter (muglue) |
| Inserts | Registers | - | pt | Parameter (token) |
| Job | Tables | - | - | - |
| Kern | - | - | - | - |
top Box Character Debugging File I/O Fonts Glue Hyphenation Inserts Job Kern Logic Macro Marks Math Page Paragraph Penalties Registers Tables (alpha order)
Box | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| badness | iq | is 0-10,000 and represents the badness of the glue settings in the last constructed box. |
| box | c | puts the box's contents in the current list and empties the box. |
| boxmaxdepth | pd | is the maximum possible depth of a vertical box. |
| cleaders | c | insert centered leaders. |
| copy | c | puts the box's contents in the current list but does not empty the box. |
| dp | iq | is the depth of a box. |
| everyhbox | pt | holds tokens inserted at the start of every hbox. |
| everyvbox | pt | holds tokens inserted at the start of every vbox. |
| hbadness | pi | is the badness above which bad hboxes are reported. |
| hbox | c | constructs a box holding horizontal material. |
| hfuzz | pd | is the overrun allowed before overfull hboxes are reported. |
| hrule | c | makes a rule box in vertical mode. |
| ht | iq | is the height of a box. |
| lastbox | c | is void or the last hbox or vbox on the current list. |
| leaders | c | fill space using specified glue with a box or rule. |
| overfullrule | pd | is the width of the rule appended to an overfull box. |
| prevdepth | iq | is the depth of the last box added to the current vertical list. |
| setbox | c | assigns an hbox, vbox, or vtop to a box register. |
| unhbox | c | puts unwrapped hbox contents in the current list and empties the box. |
| unhcopy | c | puts unwrapped hbox contents in the current list but does not empty the box. |
| unvbox | c | puts unwrapped vbox contents in the current list and empties the box. |
| unvcopy | c | puts unwrapped vbox contents in the current list but does not empty the box. |
| vbadness | pi | is the badness above which bad vboxes are reported. |
| vbox | c | constructs a box holding vertical material. |
| vfuzz | pd | is the overrun allowed before overfull vboxes are reported. |
| vrule | c | makes a rule box in horizontal mode. |
| vtop | c | is an alternate way to construct a box holding vertical material. |
| wd | iq | is the width of a box. |
| xleaders | c | insert expanded leaders. |
top Box Character Debugging File I/O Fonts Glue Hyphenation Inserts Job Kern Logic Macro Marks Math Page Paragraph Penalties Registers Tables (alpha order)
Character | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| \] (control space) | c | inserts a control space. |
| accent | c | places an accent on a character. |
| catcode | iq | holds the category code for a character. |
| char | c | provides access to one of the 256 characters in a font. |
| chardef | iq | provides an alternate way to define a control sequence that returns a character. |
| endlinechar | pi | is the character added to the end of input lines. |
| escapechar | pi | is the character used for category 0 characters when outputting control sequences. |
| lccode | iq | holds the lowercase value for a character. |
| lowercase | c | converts tokens to lowercase. |
| newlinechar | pi | is the character which begins a new line of output. |
| number | c | produces the decimal equivalent of numbers. |
| romannumeral | c | converts a number to lowercase roman numerals. |
| sfcode | iq | holds the space factor value for a character. |
| string | c | converts a control sequence to characters. |
| uccode | iq | holds the uppercase value for a character. |
| uppercase | c | converts tokens to uppercase. |
top Box Character Debugging File I/O Fonts Glue Hyphenation Inserts Job Kern Logic Macro Marks Math Page Paragraph Penalties Registers Tables (alpha order)
Debugging | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| batchmode | c | acts like pressing Q in response to an error. |
| errhelp | pt | is text displayed on the terminal if h is pressed after an \errmessage. |
| errmessage | c | displays text on the terminal and interrupts the program. |
| errorcontextlines | pi | is the number of lines to display on the terminal at an error. |
| errorstopmode | c | switches to normal interaction for processing errors. |
| meaning | c | adds characters describing a token to the output stream. |
| message | c | writes an expanded token list on the terminal and to the log file. |
| nonstopmode | c | acts like pressing R in response to an error. |
| pausing | pi | if positive, the program halts after every line is read from the input file and waits for a response from the user. |
| scrollmode | c | acts like pressing S in response to an error. |
| show | c | writes a token's definition on the terminal and to the log file. |
| showbox | c | writes the contents of a box to the log file. |
| showboxbreadth | pi | is the maximum number of items per level written by \showbox and \showlists. |
| showboxdepth | pi | is the maximum level written by \showbox and \showlists. |
| showlists | c | writes information about current lists to the log file. |
| showthe | c | writes a value on the terminal and to the log file and interrupts the program. |
| tracingcommands | pi | if positive, writes commands to the log file. |
| tracinglostchars | pi | if positive, writes characters not in the current font to the log file. |
| tracingmacros | pi | if positive, writes to the log file when expanding macros and arguments. |
| tracingonline | pi | if positive, writes diagnostic output to the terminal as well as to the log file. |
| tracingoutput | pi | if positive, writes contents of shipped out boxes to the log file. |
| tracingpages | pi | if positive, writes the page-cost calculations to the log file. |
| tracingparagraphs | pi | if positive, writes a summary of the line-breaking calculations to the log file. |
| tracingrestores | pi | if positive, writes save-stack details to the log file. |
| tracingstats | pi | if positive, writes memory usage statistics to the log file. |
top Box Character Debugging File I/O Fonts Glue Hyphenation Inserts Job Kern Logic Macro Marks Math Page Paragraph Penalties Registers Tables (alpha order)
File I/O | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| closein | c | closes an auxiliary file opened for reading. |
| closeout | c | closes an auxiliary file opened for writing. |
| endinput | c | stops input from a file at the end of the current line. |
| immediate | c | performs the following output command without waiting for \shipout. |
| input | c | inserts a file at the current position in the source file. |
| inputlineno | iq | holds the line number of the line last read in the current input file. |
| openin | c | opens an auxiliary file for reading. |
| openout | c | opens an auxiliary file for writing. |
| output | pt | holds the token list used to typeset one page. |
| read | c | reads one or more lines from an auxiliary file. |
| shipout | c | sends the contents of a box to the dvi file. |
| special | c | sends material to the dvi file for special processing. |
| write | c | writes material to an auxiliary file. |
top Box Character Debugging File I/O Fonts Glue Hyphenation Inserts Job Kern Logic Macro Marks Math Page Paragraph Penalties Registers Tables (alpha order)
Fonts | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| / (italic correction) | c | inserts an italic correction. |
| font | iq | loads information about a font into TeX's memory. |
| fontdimen | iq | holds font parameters. |
| fontname | c | returns the system file name for a font. |
| nullfont | iq | is a predefined font with no characters. |
top Box Character Debugging File I/O Fonts Glue Hyphenation Inserts Job Kern Logic Macro Marks Math Page Paragraph Penalties Registers Tables (alpha order)
Glue | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| hfil | d | inserts first order infinitely stretchable horizontal glue in a horizontal or math list. |
| hfill | d | inserts second order infinitely stretchable horizontal glue in a horizontal or math list. |
| hfilneg | d | cancels the stretchability of \hfil. |
| hskip | c | inserts horizontal glue in a horizontal or math list. |
| hss | d | inserts infinitely stretchable and shrinkable horizontal glue in a horizontal or math list. |
| lastskip | iq | is 0.0 pt or the last glue or muglue on the current list. |
| unskip | c | removes a glue item from the current list. |
| vfil | d | inserts first order infinitely stretchable vertical glue in a vertical list. |
| vfill | d | inserts second order infinitely stretchable vertical glue in a vertical list. |
| vfilneg | d | cancels the stretchability of \vfil. |
| vskip | c | inserts vertical glue in a vertical list. |
| vss | d | insert infinitely stretchable and shrinkable vertical glue in a vertical list. |
top Box Character Debugging File I/O Fonts Glue Hyphenation Inserts Job Kern Logic Macro Marks Math Page Paragraph Penalties Registers Tables (alpha order)
Hyphenation | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| - (discretionary hyphen) | d | inserts a discretionary hyphen. |
| defaulthyphenchar | pi | is the \hyphenchar value to use when a new font is loaded. |
| discretionary | c | specifies a discretionary break in a paragraph. |
| hyphenation | c | adds words to the hyphenation exception dictionary for the current language. |
| hyphenchar | iq | holds the current hyphen character used with hyphenation. |
| language | pi | selects a language to use with hyphenation and \patterns. |
| lefthyphenmin | pi | is the minimum number of characters that must appear before the first hyphen in an hyphenated word. |
| patterns | c | is used in INITEX to add patterns to the pattern dictionary for the current language. |
| righthyphenmin | pi | is the minimum number of characters that must appear after the last hyphen in an hyphenated word. |
| setlanguage | c | inserts a language whatsit in restricted horizontal mode. |
| uchyph | pi | prevents hyphenation of uppercase words unless this is positive. |
top Box Character Debugging File I/O Fonts Glue Hyphenation Inserts Job Kern Logic Macro Marks Math Page Paragraph Penalties Registers Tables (alpha order)
Inserts | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| holdinginserts | pi | is positive if insertions should remain dormant when \output is called. |
| insert | c | places material into an insertions class. |
| insertpenalties | iq | is a quantity used by TeX in two different ways. |
| splitbotmark | c | is the mark text of the last mark in the most recent \vsplit operation. |
| splitfirstmark | c | is the mark text of the first mark in the most recent \vsplit operation. |
| splitmaxdepth | pd | is the maximum depth of boxes created by \vsplit. |
| splittopskip | pg | is special glue placed inside the box created by \vsplit. |
| vsplit | c | removes a specified amount of material from a box register. |
top Box Character Debugging File I/O Fonts Glue Hyphenation Inserts Job Kern Logic Macro Marks Math Page Paragraph Penalties Registers Tables (alpha order)
Job | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| day | pi | holds the current day of the month (1-31). |
| deadcycles | iq | is the number of times \output was called since the last \shipout. |
| dump | c | outputs a format file in INITEX; otherwise it is equivalent to \end. |
| end | c | terminates the current job. |
| everyjob | pt | holds tokens which are inserted at the start of every job. |
| jobname | c | is the underlying file name for a job. |
| mag | pi | holds the magnification ratio times 1000. |
| maxdeadcycles | pi | is the maximum allowed value of \deadcycles before an error is generated. |
| month | pi | holds the current month of the year (1-12). |
| time | pi | holds the current time in minutes after midnight (0-1439). |
| year | pi | holds the current year (e.g., 2000). |
top Box Character Debugging File I/O Fonts Glue Hyphenation Inserts Job Kern Logic Macro Marks Math Page Paragraph Penalties Registers Tables (alpha order)
Kern | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| kern | c | adds a kern item to the current list. |
| lastkern | iq | is 0.0 pt or the last kern on the current list. |
| lower | c | shifts a box down and appends it to the current horizontal or math list. |
| moveleft | c | shifts a box left and appends it to the current vertical list. |
| moveright | c | shifts a box right and appends it to the current vertical list. |
| raise | c | shifts a box up and appends it to the current horizontal or math list. |
| unkern | c | removes a kern from the current list. |
top Box Character Debugging File I/O Fonts Glue Hyphenation Inserts Job Kern Logic Macro Marks Math Page Paragraph Penalties Registers Tables (alpha order)
Logic | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| else | c | begins the false part of a conditional. |
| fi | c | is the concluding command of a conditional. |
| if | c | tests if two tokens have the same character codes (i.e., values 0-256). |
| ifcase | c | begins a multi-case conditional. |
| ifcat | c | tests if two tokens have the same category codes (i.e., values 0-16). |
| ifdim | c | compares two dimensions. |
| ifeof | c | tests for the end of a file. |
| iffalse | c | is a conditional which is always false. |
| ifhbox | c | is true if a box register contains an \hbox. |
| ifhmode | c | is true if TeX is in horizontal or restricted horizontal mode. |